Reliable
and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit. Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies
suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit. For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal
or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support and/or minimal health
benefit.
Who is likely to be deficient?
Since bromelain is not essential, deficiencies of this plant-based enzyme do not exist.
How much is usually taken?
Assessing the right amount of bromelain to take is complicated. Most bromelain research was
conducted years ago, when amounts used were listed in units of activity that no longer exist.
These old units do not precisely convert to new ones. Today, bromelain is measured in MCUs
(milk clotting units) or GDUs (gelatin dissolving units). One GDU equals approximately 1.5
MCU. Strong products contain at least 2,000 MCU (1,200–1,333 GDU) per gram (1,000 mg). A
supplement containing 500 mg labeled “2,000 MCU per gram” would have 1,000 MCU of
activity. Some doctors recommend as much as 3,000 MCU taken three times per day for several
days, followed by 2,000 MCU three times per day.1 Much of the research uses smaller
amounts, more like the equivalent of approximately 500 MCU taken four times per day. However,
most of the bromelain used in the studies was enteric-coated in order to prevent it from being
destroyed by gastric juice. It is likely, therefore, that currently available bromelain
preparations (which typically are not enteric-coated) are of lower potency than the bromelain
used in most studies.
Are there any side effects or interactions?
Bromelain is generally safe and free of side effects when taken in moderate amounts.
However, one preliminary report indicates increased heart rate with the use of
bromelain.2 In addition, some people are allergic to bromelain. One woman
reportedly developed a hives and severe swelling after taking bromelain, even though she had
tolerated bromelain on two other occasions previously.3 Because bromelain acts as a
blood thinner and little is known about how bromelain interacts with blood-thinning drugs,
people should avoid combining such drugs with bromelain in order to reduce the theoretical
risk of excessive bleeding.
Are there any drug
interactions?
Certain medicines may interact with bromelain. Refer to drug interactions for a list of those medicines.
References (To view, roll mouse over the "References" heading; to hide, click on the heading)
1. Gaby AR. The story of bromelain. Nutr Healing May 1995:3, 4,
11.
2. Gutfreund AE, Taussig SJ, Morris AK. Effect of oral bromelain on blood
pressure and heart rate of hypertensive patients. Hawaii Med J
1978;37:143–6.
3. Nettis E, Napoli G, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. IgE-mediated allergy to
bromelain. Allergy 2001;56:257–8.
The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes
only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical
experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not
necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with
prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor,
practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or
before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires September 2008.
